FAQs2023-08-20T08:48:33-07:00

FAQs

We’ve done our best to answer all common questions, but if you don’t find the information you’re seeking below, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

Programs

Are your programs educational?2023-08-14T10:33:48-07:00

Absolutely! Hub participants are deeply steeped in various aspects of the hub country, learning history, geography, social studies, ecology, language, and all kinds of art forms. While much of this learning happens through experience, participants also learn from experts who provide engaging lessons, talks, and hands-on opportunities. While some sessions promote play and fun through experiences not connected to culture like yoga or horseback riding, we strive to keep 80% of activities connected to culture and place. We do not provide traditional education in reading, writing, and mathematics, nor can we support a family’s specific homeschooling objectives.

 

Can we join more than one Deliberate Detour Worldschooling Hub?2023-08-14T10:35:34-07:00

Yes! We encourage it! Upon enrollment, you’ll receive a 10% discount on your Standard Package fees for any future hub, expiring after 2 years. Our model is standardized across hubs, so if you like some of our variables like one-on-one language tutoring, Thursday Field Trips, or our weekly schedule, know that we mimic those elements from country to country. The cultural pieces, of course, change. You may also enroll for two consecutive months at one hub– for instance, both Oaxaca hubs. Please know that programming and field trips are identical each month in one country. To receive your discount for your second hub, simply Contact Us.

Also, don’t forget to join our newsletter here in the footer, as we sometimes offer promotions where you can enroll in more than one hub at the same time for deeper discounts.

How do Deliberate Detour Hubs differ from other worldschooling hubs?2023-08-14T10:37:53-07:00

We’re honored to join a small but growing global community of worldschooling hubs. We know, have met, and have talked with leaders of the Luxor Learning Hub, Worldschooling Pop-up Hubs, Wild Life Worldschool, the Hive Adventure, and more, and we have vast amounts of respect for each. All hubs contribute differently to the burgeoning worldschooling community and harness the gifts in our particular communities.

Deliberate Detour focuses on what we value most: cultural immersion. Our hubs draw together the elements that feed our souls: walks past gorgeous murals or ancient ruins, hands-on exploration of traditional craft, culinary discoveries through cooking, stories from history, market visits and fruit tasting, and so much more.

Our participating families travel the world because they love the richness of cultures all over the planet, find other ways of life fascinating, strive to absorb the beauty of these places, and dream of showing their children these gifts. They understand that immersive travel changes lives by opening minds, dismantling stereotypes, and creating respect… all critical for a more peaceful planet. Read more about our hubs here. 

Can I get a detailed schedule prior to enrollment?2023-08-19T10:39:04-07:00

We spend many months researching, curating, and negotiating all program elements to provide the highest-quality learning experiences possible. As we prepare our schedule, we consider high-traffic times, hotter parts of the day, instructor availability, and busy seasons to maximize comfort and ease. We build activities while respecting local customs like siestas. We listen to the needs of local staff and their family obligations.

All that is to say, our detailed schedule is a complex labor of love that evolves until close to hub launch. Enrolled families receive the entire schedule– with dates and times– 4 to 6 weeks prior to the start of their hub. They may receive a less specific schedule describing experiences earlier. Also, we share as much as possible on this site’s country pages (Guatemala, Peru, and Mexico) and within newsletters to spark excitement. Please join our newsletter at the bottom of this page. If you’re curious about a particular experience or activity, feel free to contact us.

Can you share ages of other children who’ve signed up?2023-08-14T10:44:18-07:00

Join our newsletter in the footer for up-to-date enrollment information for each hub. Periodically, we publish the ages of other participants.

Can you accept children under 7 years of age and over 15?2023-08-14T10:46:39-07:00

To participate in the month-long hubs, children must be 7 to 15-years-old on the day the hub begins. To remain fair to all families, we do not offer flexibility with these requirements. Children of all ages are invited to participate in Thursday Field Trips. Children under the age of 3 are free, and children 3 to 6 pay to join their older siblings. Any child under the age of 7 who joins Thursday Field Trips must attend with a paying adult. Prices for these opportunities are shown on each country page: Guatemala, Peru, Mexico.

Do you provide programming or sitters for younger siblings?2023-08-19T10:39:53-07:00

At this point, our programs support only children ages 7 to 15. We do not have tips or resources on securing babysitting for younger children. Younger and older siblings and family members are welcome to join Thursday Field Trips for additional fees. Children younger than 7 must be accompanied on these excursions by a paying adult. Prices for these opportunities are shown on each country page: Guatemala, Peru, Mexico.

Are the activities mandatory each day for my child?2023-08-14T11:01:35-07:00

We obligate each child to do their best to engage with the material, content, and opportunities put before them. Many caring adults have spent time curating and organizing top-quality, enriching experiences designed to open minds, deepen cultural understanding, and build connections between the children and between your child and the host country. We will respectfully but firmly guide all children to listen and participate in each activity put before them. Out of respect for different abilities, we will never force a child to remain engaged and sitting for an unbearable length of time. Each hub will offer at least two options for children who cannot sit for very long; this might be a Lego corner, a reading nook, a gross motor play area, or an art table. If your family follows an unschooling approach that eschews obligatory activities, please read more here on our About All Hubs page

Do older and younger participants do the same activities?2023-07-16T12:01:31-07:00

We welcome children ages 7 through 15 in our hubs, and we do acknowledge the value multi-age groups have in creating compassion, connection, and understanding of different abilities and needs. However, we also know that a mature teenager might desire and thrive with additional responsibilities while a younger child might have their own desires. While we keep the entire group together often, throughout the week, participants age 7 to 10 and 11 to 15 might break off for their own activities, splitting up for community walks or experiences. Additionally, teenagers may be offered leadership roles within the group. These will be created and offered at the behest of hubs staff, and they may include supporting younger children, teaching an activity, researching a portion of an excursion, or leading the way on a walk.

What is the adult to child ratio?2023-08-14T11:03:26-07:00

Our hubs include a maximum of 16 children and two adults. While at the hub, sometimes one adult conducts activities while the other works in an office; however, when outside of the hub space, two adults remain with the group, for a ratio of 1 to 8.

While we try not to disrupt parents’ days, on rare occasions, we ask for parent volunteers for particular outings. For example, while wandering the winding lanes of a traditional produce market, we may require a ratio of 1 to 4.

How do you choose your countries and cities?2023-08-14T11:04:23-07:00

Deliberate Detour’s founder, Stephanie Tolk, has traveled, lived, volunteered, and worked in nearly 50 countries on five continents. She’s spent a significant amount of time in each hub country. Stephanie and her team select host cities based on a specific set of criteria including the availability of a diverse set of learning and play experiences, cultural and historic richness, proximity to an international airport, crime and physical safety statistics, the allure for traveling families, and more.

In what language do the programs take place?2023-08-23T11:18:09-07:00

Programs take place in English, and all hub staff meet our language criteria: a high-intermediate ranking with TOEFL and an upper intermediate ranking with British Council. All hub program participants can enroll in 6, 8, or 10 hours per week of local language tutoring (Spanish in Guatemala, Peru, and Mexico) after hub hours.

Hub staff intentionally sprinkle in phrases in the local language so that all children pick up basic sentences. For example, they may ask, “Estamos listos?” (Are we ready?) when leaving the hubs space for outings or “Ven a comer” when calling participants to eat lunch each day.

Can I be present with my child on hub days?2023-08-14T11:09:45-07:00

Our worldschooling hubs are designed with children in mind. We do a lot of work to create exceptional learning experiences for them, and we also work hard to build community between participants through thoughtful Morning and Closing Circles and paired activities. Our hubs are designed to give parents a break to explore on their own, work online, or rest and relax. For these reasons, parents are not included in hub activities.

 

How do we know if our family is a good fit?2023-08-19T10:42:50-07:00

We best serve:

  • The Dabblers: Families considering long-term travel may test the waters, executing a shorter adventure before arranging something longer-term. Often these families seek a community to tap into and time with more experienced worldschoolers who can offer advice.
  • The Short-timers. These families have a set amount of time to travel: three months, six months, or one year. They plan their itinerary to fit in everything they want to see before heading back to home life and often schedule in a worldschooling hub to anchor their time away.
  • The Newcomers: Newer worldschoolers who envision a long (or permanent) amount of time away from home benefit from connecting with more experienced worldschoolers who may answer questions about education, pace of travel, and more.
  • The Experienced: More experienced worldschooling families sometimes notice that their children need to slow down or that they long for more enduring peer relationships. Deliberate Detour Hubs may meet these desires.
  • The Sapped: A family at any stage may feel sapped or drained! Families who need someone else to do the planning for a change… parents who need time apart from your children, we got you.

While your family may fall into one of these groups, our participants thrive when all of us– staff, parents, and children– share the same expectations. We’ve articulated our ideas on a good fit on the website here.

 

Can my children bring their electronics to the hub?2023-08-14T16:45:33-07:00

No electronics are allowed at Deliberate Detour hubs for participants of any age. Parents will receive at least one WhatsApp update per day during hub days and can reach their children through hub staff at any time in case of emergency. Enrolled families will receive more detailed expectations about communication and emergency preparedness before their hub begins.

In the event that a child brings any electronic device, whether or not it can connect to the internet, the device will be held in a secure location until pick-up time.

How many hours per week are my children with hub staff?2023-08-14T16:46:31-07:00

This depends on what you choose. Participants can be in our care anywhere from 18 to 28 hours per week. Children may be dropped off between 9:30 and 10:00 am Mondays through Wednesdays and must be picked up between 2:30 and 3:00 pm. Thursday Field Trips will be anywhere from 5 to 8 hours long. Parents may add on 6, 8, or 10 additional hours of language tutoring.

Please visit the country page you’re interested in to learn more about a typical day. And also please understand that, while we strive to offer this schedule weekly, plans may shift due to national holidays, strikes, etc.

When you say “worldschooling hub,” should I expect a school-like experience?2023-08-19T10:37:33-07:00

Worldschooling families employ all sorts of educational modalities for their children. They might keep pace with their child’s peers at home by purchasing curricula or bringing along workbooks aligned with their child’s grade level. Some piece together learning with lessons from Outschool or Khan Academy, building upon those with readings or writing prompts. Other families lean on self-directed learning approaches, where a child’s interests and motivations dictate learning. Still others enroll their children in schools internationally, whether at a rigorous International Baccalaureate institution, an alternative school, or anything in between.

Deliberate Detour Worldschooling Hubs provide experiential learning opportunities and do not rely on any specific pedagogy or methodology. While we may reflect on an outing or field trip experience with a conversation back at the hub space, we do not strive to cement learning through essay writing or article reading. Parents should not expect that the child keep pace with peers at home, advance in reading, writing, or math, or move to another grade level as a result of participation in our hub. We provide real-world experiences that intersect with geology, geography, history, social sciences, and possibly religious studies, augmenting other homeschooling choices families have made.

We have a whole page on this site that describes worldschooling and offers resources for further reading, which you can access here.

Logistics

Which allergies and dietary restrictions can you accommodate?2023-08-14T16:44:25-07:00

We provide morning snack and a midday lunch for all participants from Monday through Thursday, including parents and siblings who join us for Thursday Field Trips. Snack is always fresh fruit, which, not only healthy, invites participants to sample fruits like guava, lychee, passionfruit, custard apple, and more. Well-liked fruit like apples and bananas may also be available. Lunch is always 100% vegetarian with at least one element being vegan. While we cannot make gluten or dairy-free meals specifically, there will always be options for children on those diets.

As often as possible, we introduce children to local culture through food, choosing items traditionally cooked in that region. Family Handbooks provided to enrolled families offer sample menus. We ask that families with children without allergies or restrictions do not send outside food to the hub. For participants with multiple or serious allergies, parents are welcome to pack food and should notify staff with this intention.

What should we pack for the hub?2023-08-14T16:47:20-07:00

We do our best to provide almost all that participants need so as not to add more weight to your luggage. We provide all art materials, paper and pens, drinking glasses, utensils, and more. We only ask that children bring two items:

  • a water bottle, labeled with the child’s name, to leave at the hub. It can be a plastic bottle purchased in the country that we refill. Participants will use these on neighborhood walks and Thursday Field Trips, and Deliberate Detour provides glasses for everyday drinking at the hub space.
  • a light-colored, plain t-shirt to make a souvenir with their group. Hub staff can recommend stores locally in which to buy this item.

If the group has a special activity, such as swimming, parents will be notified in advance via their private WhatsApp group to pack accordingly.

Does Deliberate Detour plan or provide accommodation?2023-07-11T08:47:04-07:00

In almost all cases, Deliberate Detour does not assist with finding accommodation. Each family has specific standards and needs when it comes to accommodation, and each family will be best at finding rooms they deem acceptable. We prefer to spend our time developing and facilitating high-quality programming for your children. We do know that some worldschooling families prefer to live in community, booking apartments in buildings with other worldschoolers, for example. When we know of spaces like this that suit multiple families near the hub space, we may share it in our newsletter or Facebook group. Deliberate Detour generates no revenue from these recommendations. All enrolled families will receive a map of the hub city pinpointing our hub space, so that you can book spaces through a platform like Airbnb or Booking within walking distance, if you prefer.

Can you help arrange side trips to sites nearby?2023-08-14T16:49:15-07:00

In some cases, you can book a side trip through Deliberate Detour as an add-on option. For instance, while we don’t take hub participants to Machu Picchu, it would be strange not to offer a side trip to that magnificent site while in the Cusco region! Apart from organized trips such as this, we’re unable to consult, advise, schedule, or arrange separate outings. We prefer to put our time and energy into our hub experiences for all enrolled participants.

What currency should we bring?2023-08-14T16:50:54-07:00

You will receive a Family Handbook before your hub launches which provides  information on this question and other logistical and practical matters. For Latin American hubs, most international families can withdraw local currency from ATMs within the hub city.

Will we need visas?2023-08-14T16:52:05-07:00

Because of the changing requirements and rules related to your own passport type, we cannot consult on your specific visa needs. Our families come from all over the world. Please Google the information you need for your own situation. If you have trouble finding information regarding visas and travel documents, search for your country’s Department of State, Foreign Office, or similar. Remember to research this EARLY in the process, as sometimes, procuring a visa can take many weeks or months.

Can we get an airport pick up?2023-08-14T16:52:48-07:00

Deliberate Detour does not provide transportation to and from the airport. Enrolled families receive a detailed Family Handbook with suggestions for how to make this trip.

Will we need medical insurance?2023-08-14T16:53:49-07:00

The choice to purchase medical insurance is entirely your own. Deliberate Detour does not require that you have it. In some countries, medical treatment is inexpensive, and families prefer to pay out-of-pocket for local care. However, medical insurance may cover larger, unexpected expenses like returning to your home country for medical emergencies. We recommend researching World Nomads and Trawick when exploring this option, though many other companies exist. Please understand that any medical treatment received due to illness or injury experienced at the hub or within the community will not be covered or paid for by Deliberate Detour.

Is wifi available at the hub?2023-07-11T08:51:14-07:00

Wifi will be available at all hubs as a tool for hub staff. Child participants are not permitted to bring devices and do not access hub wifi. Parents can request the password to use wifi at drop off and pick up; however, the strength and dependability of wifi services vary from country to country. The hub spaces are not open for parents to stay for work or research. The Family Handbook distributed upon enrollment lists co-working spaces or wifi-enabled cafes in which parents can settle.

Can you tell me about safe drinking water and food in the hub city?2023-08-14T16:56:51-07:00

Drinking water quality and food safety standards differ from country to country. Within the hub space, on outings, and during Thursday Field Trips, we always provide safe drinking water, by purchasing 20-gallon refillable bottles or individual bottles, or by using a filtration system that produces potable water. We provide reusable cups or bottles for participants. Our cooks employ safe food-handling practices. While Deliberate Detour cannot ensure potable water for your family outside of hub time, the Family Handbook provided to enrolled families offers more information about how to stay safe and healthy in the hub city.

What’s the nearest high-quality medical facility?2023-08-14T16:59:21-07:00

Deliberate Detour chooses hub sites with clinics nearby that are considered high-quality for that city, country, or region. The Family Handbook, provided to enrolled families, has more information for each hub city. The standards, however, may not be what you are accustomed to or require based on your personal situation. Please research standards of care and specialists in the city to ensure your family is comfortable with the decision to locate there for a month or more.

Is the hub city safe?2023-07-15T14:08:14-07:00

This is a complicated question and one we want to address head-on by saying, “It depends.” It depends on what you want to be safe. One family may be concerned with clean food and drinking water, while others might be worried about natural disasters, political unrest, or swimming safety. We also calibrate what we consider dangerous by the dangers we perceive in our own countries, so an Israeli or an American, for example, might perceive safety in another country differently than an Icelander.

To assuage any concerns you have, we recommend you research with your Department of State, Foreign Office, or the equivalent in your country that tend to compile travel advisories. Only you can determine what’s right for your family, and we hope that those who join our Worldschooling Hubs do so with minimal anxiety.

What are the prices of typical items in the hub country?2023-07-14T18:32:18-07:00

The prices for typical items differ in each country. The Family Handbook, which you receive upon enrollment, will detail some typical costs like a taxi ride within the city, a mid-range meal, etc. Because bargaining is common in most of our hub cities, we also provide an appropriate cost for day-to-day items that you might aspire to when negotiating with local drivers or vendors.

Policies + Fees

Can we join for part of the month for a reduced fee?2023-08-14T10:51:12-07:00

Deliberate Detour hubs follow a trajectory over the course of a month, beginning with intention-setting and teambuilding and ending with a final celebration. We encourage families to attend all four weeks.

However, if you cannot commit to that length of time, you may arrive and depart when you wish for full price. We do not discount for partial participation. You may only attend for one length of time,  meaning you can come and go only once during the month due to the disruption to the remainder of the group. If you enroll with the intention to arrive late or leave early, please contact us to inform us.

What are the fees to attend?2023-08-14T17:01:32-07:00

Hub fees differ from country to country due to differing costs incurred by Deliberate Detour for staffing, materials, food, space rental, van rental, and more. Please see each country pages (Guatemala, Mexico, Peru) to learn more about costs and discounts.

How do you come up with the cost of participation?2023-08-19T08:33:44-07:00

We insert this question in the spirit of transparency, as we’ve been there. We’ve been traveling parents searching for ways to connect with like-minded adults and for our children to create relationships with peers. Our dollars (pounds, soles, euros) have had to last us months if not years, and the costs of our worldschooling hub experiences have mattered.

If you’ve looked around, you’ve noticed that worldschooling hub fees are all over the map. Hub leaders consider many of the same costs but do so in various countries, where the standard of living, rates of inflation, minimum wages, food costs, and more can differ dramatically. You’ll notice Deliberate Detour sets different fees based on our worldschooling countries.

Savvy parents understand that Deliberate Detour pays for supplies, rent, furnishings, food, transportation, guides, entrances, Hub Guide wages, and more. What might not be obvious are some of these costs: Hub Developer staff in each country to design and produce exceptional programming; an advisory team including a finance specialist, a marketing expert, and an accountant; web development fees including payment processing charges, form plug-ins, and more; attorney fees to operate as a Limited Liability Corporation in the state of Oregon, USA; insurance; and language teachers, to name a few of our expenses.

We strive to be affordable to many families, not astronomical. We strive to support our business so it has what it needs to function efficiently and effectively. We strive to support our team of Hub staff, drivers, guides, and cooks in Cusco, Oaxaca, and Antigua– and future possible hub sites– with solid, respectable wages. And we strive, when we operate stably in the black, to offer scholarships.

What is your cancellation policy?2023-08-14T17:07:34-07:00

While enrolling, families will find these policies in the Terms & Conditions contract. They apply to the full fee a family pays, including all add-ons. 

Section I: During enrollment period:

  • Cancel within 48 hours of completing your purchase for a full refund. This gives you a chance to read our Terms + Conditions and Shared Expectations carefully to ensure a strong fit.
  • From 48 hours since enrollment to 4 months (120 days) from hub start date: 50% refund for any reason, minus your $500 deposit.
  • From 4 months (120 days) from start date to start date: No refunds given.

Section II: Conditions under which Deliberate Detour gives a full refund BEFORE the hub begins, negating the cancellation policy:

  • The hub country closes its borders prior to the hub date, making arrival impossible.
  • Deliberate Detour determines that our hubs and your family are not a strong match if we cannot support your child’s physical, emotional, or psychological needs. (We strive to make this determination, through conversations with parents, within 30 days of enrollment.)
  • Incidence of national strikes, natural disasters, political unrest, global pandemic, or any other extraordinary circumstance in which Deliberate Detour determines that running programs is unsafe.
  • Deliberate Detour cancels the program for any reason at any time.

Section III: Conditions under which Deliberate Detour gives NO refund BEFORE the hub begins, unless due one under Section I:

  • Illness of participant or family member that impedes the family from traveling to the hub space. 
  • Change of plans, fear, uncertainty, or disinterest in the program for any reason.
  • Failure for one or more family members to procure valid visas and/or passports for the hub country.
  • Failure to read and understand our Shared Expectations within 48 hours after booking.

Section IV: Conditions under which Deliberate Detour gives NO refund AFTER the hub begins:

  • Withdrawal of your participant for any reason after the hub begins, including illness, emergency return home, separation anxiety, dissatisfaction with the program, dislike of the hub country, relationship challenges with other children, bullying or ostracization,  or more.
  • Early departure of a participant for any reason.
  • Fear of or actual incidence of national strikes, natural disasters, political unrest or any other extraordinary circumstance under which Deliberate Detour determines that running programs remain safe. 
  • Deliberate Detour’s dismissal of the student due to disclosed or undisclosed mental, emotional, psychological, or behavioral challenges. 
  • Physical challenges faced by participants or family members that make moving about the city and hub space impossible. Parents should heavily research accommodations made for people with disabilities prior to arriving in the hub city.
  • Cancellation of the Worldschooling Hub program after the first meeting of enrolled children for any reason. 
Do I have to pay all at once?2023-08-14T17:08:20-07:00

Nope! We offer two payment plans for you to choose from as you enroll.

Option 1:

  • Pay a deposit of $500 per family upon enrollment.
  • Pay 50% of your remainder 30 days later,
  • Pay the remaining balance 4 months (120 days) prior to the first day of your Worldschooling Hub,

Option 2:

  • Pay in full when you enroll.

We invoice you each time, and all prices are in US dollars.

Do you offer scholarships or discounts?2023-09-18T14:27:41-07:00

We strongly believe in making our programs accessible to all kinds of families. As such, we offer a 10% discount on the Standard Package fee for each child after the second.

Families also receive discounts for joining more than one hub; $200 off a family’s second hub and $300 for their third hub. In our start-up phase, not all hubs are available for enrollment at once, so please email founder Stephanie Tolk at stephanie@deliberatedetour.com if you’re interested in enrolling in more than one hub experience to receive the discount.

After a few years of business operations, we intend to start a scholarship program for families in need of financial support to make worldschooling hubs more accessible.

Should I expect extra costs?2023-07-14T18:26:48-07:00

All costs described in What’s Included + Excluded are covered by your fee. We have no hidden fees. Your guides and drivers will be tipped by Deliberate Detour, so tips are not required by our families nor will they be requested. While you may meet artisans and craftspeople with Deliberate Detour, you will never be pressured to purchase their wares. They are all adequately compensated by Deliberate Detour. Any additional expenses you incur will be purely voluntary. For example, you might choose to have a beer with lunch (Deliberate Detour never purchases alcohol), purchase a craft, or pick up something on a market visit during Thursday Field Trips.

Can you support neurodivergent children or children with special needs?2023-08-14T17:11:40-07:00

In some cases, Deliberate Detour can support children who present as neurodivergent or who have special cognitive needs. We strive for inclusion, though we assess fit on a case-by-case basis. During the enrollment process, we ask for transparency. In some cases, we schedule a phone call to learn more about your child prior to making a decision to ensure the success of your child, other children, and hub staff. Our staff are not specifically trained to support children with special needs, so we take an untrained, yet loving approach with these children.

Most hub countries are not equipped to accommodate people with physical disabilities, meaning curbs might not be cut, stairs may not have railings, buses may have steep steps, and more. Participants with physical challenges may have difficulty not only at the hub space but throughout the city. We cannot support participants in wheelchairs. Families are responsible for researching extensively prior to enrollment to ensure that their needs can be met.

What’s your vaccination policy?2023-08-14T17:17:04-07:00

Deliberate Detour requires no specific vaccines nor do we request a history of vaccinations. We do ask that parents be respectful when sending enrolled children to the hub when they exhibit signs of illness. Parents will be called to pick up their child immediately if the child has a fever, vomits at the hub, or informs us that they vomited within the previous 24 hours.

Some countries recommend vaccines to enter certain parts of their territory. For example, you may find that a yellow fever vaccine is recommended for the Peruvian Amazon. Deliberate Detour will not take participants to these regions, but you may travel onward to them. We suggest visiting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US or your country’s equivalent to read these recommendations.

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